People who use drugs (PWUD) commonly experience housing instability due to intersecting structural vulnerabilities. Researchers conducted a qualitative study in Vancouver, Canada's downtown eastside, interviewing PWUD who were recently evicted fron the downtown eastside. Narratives from the interviewees provided context on how the demands of the institutional circuit deepened vulnerablitities and prolonged experiences in homelessness. Researchers suggested that interventions that address survival needs and preserve agency will be necessary to mitigate risks within the institutional circuit.

People who inject drugs (PWID) experience housing instability and other structural barriers, making it hard for PWID to complete direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment of Hepatitis C. Researchers found that simple, low-cost medical storage containers, can be incorporated as a key component of a medication management plan. It is important to create a non-judgemental approach to providing HCV care.

People living with HIV (PLH) experiencing homelessness or unstable housing have lower rates of viral suppression compared to people who are housed. In 2020, only 20% of PLH experiencing homelessness in San Francisco were virally suppressed, compared to 71% of those who were housed. Researchers examined case preferences among PLH experiencing homelessness during the COVID-19 pandemic in San Francisco. They found that the strongest preference were for the same provider, visit incentives, and drop-in visits.

Long-acting injectable antiretroviral therapy (LAI-ART) is approved for treatment-naive or experienced people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH). The researchers performed the first LAI-ART demonstration project to include PWH unable to achieve or maintain viral suppression due to challenges adhering to oral ART at San Francisco's Ward 86. Researchers found preliminary short-term effectiveness of the treatment. More data on LAI-ART in hard-to-reach populations are needed.

People living with HIV experiencing homelessness are more likely to have higher viral loads. The POP-UP model at the Ward 86 HIV clinic in San Francisco was designed to address barriers to care engagement. Researchers found an improvement in the 12-month HIV viral suppression from 0% to 44%. However, many patients were not virally suppressed. Researchers suggest that POP-UP clinics are promising to improve care engagement and HIV viral suppression among people experiencing homelessness.

People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) have an increased risk of experiencing homelessness. The underlying drivers of homelessness are structural, however individual factors such as mental health and substance use problems are also common drivers. People living with HIV/AIDS who experience homelessness are more likely to have uncontrolled viral load. Researchers from BHHI suggest integrating HIV treatment with mental health and substance use treatment.

Drug overdose has increased in the U.S. since the COVID-19 pandemic began in 2020. In San Francisco, single-room occupancy (SRO) tenants are more likely to dive of opioid overdose than non-SRO residents. The SRO project aimed to reduce fatal overdoses in SROs. In this eight month ethnographic field work, researchers found that the SRO project increased awareness, access to, and understanding of naloxone, as well as, supporting the privacy and autonomy of tenants regarding their drug use.

COVID-19 impacted access to medical care and social services, potentially worsening HIV outcomes among people experiencing homelessness. In San Francisco, Ward 86, initiated POP-UP, a low-barrier, multicomponent model of care to address barriers to care for people living with HIV experiencing homelessness. Researchers found that care engagement and viral suppression did not worsen among the 85 patients enrolled, despite concerns that the COVID-19 pandemic might worsen outcomes. The study suggests that multicomponent interventions may help maintain viral suppression despite unanticipated structural barriers.