Resource Center

The University of California, San Francisco Benioff Homelessness and Housing Initiative (BHHI) today released a topic brief that sheds new light on the 78% of all Californians experiencing homelessness who live in unsheltered settings (i.e. outdoors, in a vehicle, in a place not meant for human habitation). It provides policy recommendations for reducing unsheltered homelessness through a combination of prevention, shelter, and permanent housing. 

This topic brief examines who experiences unsheltered homelessness, how they lost their housing, their experiences during homelessness, and barriers to regaining housing. The findings highlight the urgent need for the homelessness system to advance evidence-based strategies to meet the needs of unsheltered people.

Our Encampment Prioritization Tool is designed to help communities navigate the complex landscape of homelessness. By balancing the urgent need to address encampments with the chronic shortage of housing and shelter resources, along with health and safety considerations, this tool guides stakeholders in making informed decisions. It ensures that actions prioritize housing and shelter placements over displacement, aligning with broader systemic reforms to effectively manage and resolve encampments.

Encampment resolution is a strategic approach focused on connecting unsheltered individuals to stable housing rather than displacing them through sweeps. This method employs evidence-based practices to connect people with housing solutions and prevent re-encampment, involving a wide range of stakeholders to address both the needs of the encampment residents and the community’s broader concerns.

Existing literature on people experiencing homelessness (PEH) draws on non-representative samples from service providers, populations with comorbidities, or areas with disproportionately high sheltered homelessness, leading to bias. Nearly a third of PEH in the US and over half of unsheltered PEH live in California. Researchers from the UCSF Benioff Homelessness and Housing Initiative designed a rigorous state-representative survey of PEH to investigate the antecedents of homelessness, understand health, and inform policy solutions. This is the first large representative study of PEH, beyond a single county, to draw inference on a large population that did not depend on service utilization.

California’s homeless crisis is reaching unprecedented levels. In this podcast episode of Invisible People, Margot Kushel, MD, Division Chief of the UCSF Action Research Center for Health Equity, and the UCSF Benioff Homelessness and Housing Initiative, breaks down the findings of the California Statewide Study of People Experiencing Homelessness (CASPEH). Dr. Kushel said, "We need to have a maniacal focus on creating more housing."

This topic brief examines who experiences pregnancy during homelessness, how they lost their housing, their experiences during homelessness, and obstacles to regaining housing. The findings highlight the urgent need for the homelessness system to advance evidence-based strategies to meet the reproductive health needs of people experiencing homelessness.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a risk factor for people experiencing homelessness. Few studies have examined the interplay between IPV, homelessness, and housing. Researchers purposefully sampled 104 adults who reported experiencing IPV in the California Statewide Study of People Experiencing Homelessness (CASPEH), a representative, mixed-methods study. They identified six primary themes regarding IPV and homelessness.

Although only 9% of Sacramento's general population is Black, Black residents now comprise 35% of Sacramento's homeless population. A special report released by the UCSF Benioff Homelessness and Housing Initiative on Black Californians' experiences of homelessness highlights the systemic causes that have left so many unhoused. Kara Young Ponder, PhD, director of community engagement and racial justice at the UCSF Benioff Homelessness and Housing Initiative, said, "When you consider (leaving) homelessness, you think about the requirements needed to get back into housing — waiting lists, who gets a voucher, who doesn’t get a voucher. It’s hard to get housing or a room. It’s even harder for Black Americans."

A recent special report released by the UCSF Benioff Homelessness and Housing Initiative on older adult homelessness found that nearly half of California's homeless population is now 50 and older. These older adults are staying homeless for longer and are in poorer health than their younger peers. Margot Kushel, MD, director of the UCSF Benioff Homelessness and Housing Initiative, said, "These are people living on fixed incomes, on disability, on really meager pensions, and they really need housing that they can afford."

Among people experiencing homelessness in California, nearly half of the population is now over the age of 50. By 50, a homeless person’s health more closely resembles that of someone in their 70s, with a higher chance of chronic disease, mobility issues, and cognitive decline, according to a recent special report released by the UCSF Benioff Homelessness and Housing Initiative on older adult homelessness. Margot Kushel, MD, director of the UCSF Benioff Homelessness and Housing Initiative, said, "We could meaningfully reduce the number of people experiencing homelessness if we focused on this group."

Among people experiencing homelessness in California, the group rising the fastest by proportion is older adults. A recent special report released by the UCSF Benioff Homelessness and Housing Initiative on older adult homelessness highlights their experiences during homelessness, and what impacted their return to permanent housing. Margot Kushel, MD, director of the UCSF Benioff Homelessness and Housing Initiative, said, "The dramatic rise in homelessness among older adults has severe consequences for the health and safety of those who experience it and for our society at large. Now is the time for investments in real solutions to prevent and end homelessness among this vulnerable population."

The California Statewide Study on People Experiencing Homelessness is the largest representative study on homelessness since the 1990s. The study used a mixed methods approach, collecting data from more than 3,000 surveys and 365 in-depth interviews to uncover who is experiencing homelessness, what individual circumstances have led to them becoming homeless, and how their health issues have affected their life experiences. Margot Kushel, MD, director of the UCSF Benioff Homelessness and Housing Initiative and principal investigator on the report, also delivered the annual John P. Dunlop Lecture at the Harvard Joint Center for Housing Studies (JCHS), presenting the findings and discussing policy recommendations.

Californians experiencing homelessness are aging, presenting unique challenges. A recent special report released by the UCSF Benioff Homelessness and Housing Initiative on older adult homelessness highlights their experiences during homelessness, and what impacted their return to permanent housing. Margot Kushel, MD, director of the UCSF Benioff Homelessness and Housing Initiative, said, "The older you are when you first become homeless, sort of the more stuck in homelessness you get."

SAN FRANCISCO – The University of California, San Francisco Benioff Homelessness and Housing Initiative (BHHI) today released a special report on who experiences homelessness in late life, what precipitated their homelessness, their experiences during homelessness, and what impacted their return to permanent housing. The analysis is based on survey data and in-depth interviews from the California Statewide Study of People Experiencing Homelessness (CASPEH), the largest representative study of homelessness in the United States since the mid-1990s.

To better understand the experiences of older adults experiencing homelessness, the UCSF Benioff Homelessness and Housing Initiative examined findings from the California Statewide Study of People Experiencing Homelessness (CASPEH), the largest representative study of homelessness since the mid-1990s. This report reviews who experiences homelessness in late life, how they lost their housing, their experiences during homelessness, and the barriers they face to regaining housing. These findings highlight the urgent need for research-backed solutions and policy interventions to address the unique challenges faced by older adults experiencing homelessness.

Are you a researcher who wants to include people with lived experience in your research? Are you an organization that wants to authentically involve community members in your program development or evaluation? The UCSF BHHI recently released a report on the largest representative study of homelessness in the United States since the mid-1990s—the California Statewide Study of People Experiencing Homelessness (CASPEH). The CASPEH was guided by a Lived Expertise Advisory Board—a group of advisors from across the state of California who represent a range of lived and living experiences of homelessness. Join Kara Young Ponder, PhD, Lived Expertise Advisory Board Members Michelle Ochoa, Dez Martinez, and Robynne Rose-Haymer as they discuss the nuts and bolts of how they did research together from designing survey questions to helping train field staff, analyzing data and disseminating findings.