Our Research

Attitudes toward tobacco-free and cannabis-free policies among residents in permanent supportive housing who use tobacco, cannabis, and other substances

Maya Vijayaraghavan • April 15, 2026

Over 60% of permanent supportive housing (PSH) residents smoke cigarettes, and over 50% use cannabis. Co-use of tobacco and cannabis may be linked with other substance use. We explored attitudes toward tobacco-free and cannabis-free policies among PSH residents who smoked cigarettes, co-used tobacco and cannabis, or other substances.

Paper Highlights
•Two-thirds of study participants in permanent supportive housing (PSH) co-used tobacco and cannabis.
•Over half of the tobacco and cannabis co-users reported past-30-day other substance use.
•Heavy tobacco and heavy cannabis co-users had less favorable attitudes toward smoke-free policies.
•Past 30-day cocaine use was associated with less favorable attitudes toward tobacco-free policies.
•Interventions that address the intensity of tobacco and cannabis co-use, the high levels of indoor co-use of tobacco and cannabis, and co-occurring substance use may increase favorable attitudes towards smoke-free policies in PSH.

Authors: Narges Neyazi, Deepalika Chakravarty, Fan Xia, Mark R Hawes, Wendy Max, Margot Kushel, Maya Vijayaraghavan.

Read the paper: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12997228/